Monday, November 25, 2024

NGC 7635 - The Bubble Nebula - from The BMO

 Bubblicious ...

Thursday November 7th & Tuesday November 12th were our club's (Buffalo Astronomical Association) imaging group (The Tuesday Night Imagers) imaging sessions at our club's dark sky observatory, The Beaver Meadow Observatory (BMO). Our club's Observatory Director and Tuesday Night ringleader ran the Celestron 14" Edge HD while another member ran the Tele Vue NP101is with his personal camera attached. I joined via Zoom. Of the two nights, the 12th had better seeing/transparency. The 7th was also plagued with software issues. They were not able to connect to the Pegasus Astro ultimate Power Box after a windows update. After several updates and reboots, the situation was resolved. 

I have (and continue) to take PixInsight classes from Masters of PixInsight. Their most recent Photons to Photos class was on processing Bubble Nebula data from a Celestron 14" Edge. The timing was perfect. I picked up a few techniques that were ultimately used to process this image. Here is the result.

The image shows NGC 7635, also known as the Bubble Nebula, located in the constellation Cassiopeia. The nebula features a distinct, spherical bubble structure in the center, which is illuminated by a massive star. The bubble is surrounded by a complex cloud of interstellar gas and dust, with hues of blue and orange. The surrounding area is filled with numerous stars scattered across the dark background of space. The contrast between the bright bubble and the darker, textured clouds makes this nebula visually striking and scientifically significant for studying stellar wind and interstellar medium interactions.
NGC 7635 - The Bubble Nebula from 10/7 & 10/12 at the BMO.

Processing:

All pre and post processing was performed in PixInsight. Pre-Processing: Our club's Observatory Director pre-processed the images in PixInsight (WBPP) and sent me the Master Light image. Linear Post Processing: Background extraction was performed with Auto DBE Script from Seti Astro followed by BXT (correct only). SPCC was used for Color Calibration followed by a full application of BXT. The Stars were removed using StarXT. Starless Linear: Noise was reduced with NXT. The image was made non-linear with HT. Starless Non-linear Post Processing: The CreateHDRImage script was used to compress the Bubble and bright surrounding nebula (a mask was created and used by the script). Narrowband Normalization (Mode 1) was used to create the SHO or Hubble Palette look. Saturation and intensity were increased with CT. Sharpness was improved with ImageBlend script using a High Pass Filter. LHE was applied at 2 Kernel sizes. Additionally, Unsharp mask was applied. Finally, the DarkStructureEnhance script was applied (0.2). Stars Linear: The Stars image was made non-linear with Seti Astro's Star Stretch script. Stars Non-Linear: Saturation was increased with CT. Starless: Intensity, and contrast were adjusted with various applications of CT. The Stars and Starless images were combined with Pixel Math to produce the final image. 

What is it?

NGC 7635 is also known as Sharpless 162, Caldwell 11, and The Bubble Nebula. It is an H II region emission nebula in the constellation of Cassiopeia. The Stellar Wind from a young, massive, and hot central star has created the bubble by blasting it out of the glowing gas against the denser material in the surrounding molecular cloud.

Annotated image of NGC 7635 - The Bubble Nebula.

How Big is it?

NGC 7635 has a size of 15.0 x 8.0 arcminutes (1 degree is 60 arcminutes) on the night sky. It is about 6.1 light years in diameter (similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy).

How Far is it?

NGC 7635 is located about 11,000 light-years (ly) from Earth.

How to find it?

The NGC 7635 is located about halfway between Cassiopeia and Cepheus, very close to the Open Star cluster Messier 52 (M52).  Dark skies, large aperture, and a nebula filter are helpful in viewing this group.

Finder Chart for NGC 7635, The Bubble Nebula.

Image Details:

Capture Date: 11/7/2024 & 11/12/2024
Location: North Java, NY (Buffalo Astronomical Association's Beaver Meadow Observatory)
Telescope: Celestron 14" Edge HD w/0.7 Reducer
Camera: OGMA AP26CC
Filter: Antlia Alp-T
Mount: Astro Physics AP1200 Mount
Exposure: 11/7: 9 exposures at 600 sec / Gain 100 / Offset 100 / -10° C each for a total exposure of 1.5 hours. 11/12: 22 exposures at 600 sec / Gain 100 / Offset 100 / -10° C each for a total exposure of 3.67 hours. The total combined integration time is 5.167 hours.
Software: NINA, PHD2, and PixInsight


Clear Skies!
Ernie

Sunday, November 10, 2024

October 2024: An Amazing Month for Astronomy - Part 2

Chasing Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS)

Saturday 10/12/2024 - Lakeview, NY

Chasing comets is so much fun. My first experience trying to capture one photographically was Comet Neowise in July of 2020. I was pretty new to astrophotography, so my results were ok, but it was so much fun. Was waiting for a chance for a bright comet now that my skills have improved. The Astronomy community has been excited for Comet C/2023 A (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) almost as soon as it was discovered. Even though predictions for this comet indicated it could be a good one, we all take them with a grain of salt. Comets are like cats; they both have tails and they do what they want. 

Saturday 10/12 would be the first chance for me to catch the comet in the evening sky, as the comet had traveled around the Sun and became an evening object on Friday 10/11. The weather was poor on Friday, but Saturday was clear all day with clouds coming in at twilight. Would the clouds stay away long enough to get a peak at the comet? Next problem, where to observe? I have a fairly decent western horizon if I go to the farm across the street from my house. Looking at planetarium apps, it was close. My son-in-law's parents have a home on Lake Erie. In fact, their backyard is on a cliff above Lake Erie. They were gracious and allowed me to set up my DSLR and tripod in their yard. I also had my binoculars and my son-in-law's father also had a pair of binoculars. We were treated to a beautiful sunset, but there was a heavy bank of clouds on the horizon. I was afraid the comet would be behind the clouds. 

Spoiler alert, my expectation of where the comet would be, specifically how high above the horizon, was significantly off. My expectation of when the comet would be visible was off as well. Their neighbor came outside and asked if we could see anything. We told him we couldn't see anything, so he went back inside to attend to his parental duties. Just as was about to give up, we noticed Venus. It was much higher and further South than I expected. Arcturus became visible as well. The comet was roughly between Venus and Arcturus in azimuth, and it was close to Venus' altitude. We renewed the search, and their neighbor returned. We took turns looking through the binoculars. I kept snapping photos with my camera in hopes the comet would appear to the camera sensor before our eyes could detect it. Lots of false alarms, wispy clouds, jet contrails, but no comet. My son-in-law's mother told us she was seeing something and to her it felt like the comet. We thought it was another airplane contrail. She was pretty adamant; I pointed the camera based on her description relative to the clouds near the horizon. Took a photo at 7:33 pm, there it was!!!

We took turns looking through the binoculars and I kept taking pictures. The comet got brighter, and you could make it out naked eye. We watched it go behind clouds, then reemerge. We lost it to the dense cloud bank on the horizon around 8:07 PM. I was shooting with my Ha modified Canon T6i, fixed tripod, Canon 50 mm lens (The Nifty Fifty), and an intervalometer (used as a shutter release). I was taking pictures at different settings, bracketing exposures, to ensure I captured the comet. 

Here's my best shot of the evening:

A photograph of Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) taken on October 12, 2024, from the shore of Lake Erie in Lake View, NY. The image, captured with a Canon t6i and a 50 mm lens, shows the comet with a bright nucleus and a distinct tail extending upwards into the twilight sky. The horizon is illuminated with a gradient of colors from orange to deep blue, indicating the time of sunset or sunrise. Silhouettes of tree branches and leaves frame the foreground, adding depth to the scene. The calm waters of Lake Erie reflect the colors of the sky, enhancing the serene and picturesque quality of the photograph.
Saturday 10/12/204 from Lake View, NY at 7:53 PM. 2.5 sec exposure at f/2.8 and ISO 1600. Processed in Adobe Lightroom Classic and NoiseXTerminator in PixInsight.

Monday 10/14/2024 - Eden, NY

It was very cloudy on Monday 10/14 so there was no expectation of seeing the comet. I had to pick up something from the grocery store and noticed significant breaks in the clouds, especially to the west. After returning home, I ran across the street and snapped a photo with my iPhone. Could definitely make out the comet. Went back home and grabbed the tripod with the iPhone adapter and set up to see if i capture the comet despite the clouds. The comet was visible to the naked eye, and I moved around to try and capture a pleasing composition. Here's my favorite shot from that evening. Cool note: The Planetary Society reposted my photo on their Instagram!


A nighttime photograph of a farm in Eden, NY, taken on Monday, October 14, 2023. The image features a red barn with a silo and other farm structures. The sky is clear with some clouds, and Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is visible as a faint streak in the sky. The foreground shows a gravel path and a grassy area illuminated by artificial lights.
Monday 10/14/2024 from Eden, NY at 7:57 PM. iPhone on a tripod. 

Wednesday 10/16/2024 - Eden, NY

Similar to Monday, patchy clouds and a bright Moon impacting the images and the visual observation. Set up across the street but in a slightly different location. Here are a couple of iPhone shots. 

A night sky photograph taken on 10/16/2024 in Eden, NY, showing Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) with a faint tail visible among the stars. The foreground includes a field with a fence running through it, and some farm equipment is visible on the left side. The sky is partly cloudy, with stars scattered across the clear areas.
Wednesday 10/16/2024 from Eden, NY at 7:46 PM. iPhone on a tripod.

This is close up photo of comet C/2023 As (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) from 10/16/2024. The comet is surrounded by puffy white clouds. It streaks from upper left to lower right in the center of the from. Some stars are faintly visible. Sky is washed out due to the impact of the nearly Full Moon.
Wednesday 10/16/2024 from Eden, NY at 7:46 PM. iPhone on a tripod at 3X Zoom.

Thursday 10/17/2024 - Eden, NY

The skies were clear on Thursday night, but the transparency was not good. The Moon was full and definitely had an impact once it rose above the trees. I had difficulty seeing the comet naked eye, no trouble with binoculars (10x50). I had two imaging set ups going. The first set up was my Ha Modified Canon T6i with Canon 50 mm lens on the iOptron Sky Guider Pro. The other setup was an iPhone on a tripod.

The comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is faintly visible in the night sky above a tall pine tree in the foreground. The background features a cornfield and a treeline, adding depth and context to the serene rural landscape.
Thursday 10/17/2024 from Eden, NY at 8:35 pm. Ha modified Canon T6i, iOptron Sky Guider Pro, Canon 50 mm lens (Nifty Fifty), and an intervalometer. 5 sec exposure, f/2.8 at ISO 800. Edited in adobe Lightroom classic, Photoshop, and PixInsight.


The comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is faintly visible in the night sky above two tall pine trees in the foreground. The background features a cornfield and a treeline, adding depth and context to the serene rural landscape.
Thursday 10/17/2024 from Eden, NY at 8:23 pm. iPhone on a Tripod. Edited in Photoshop.

Friday 10/18/2024 - Eden, NY 

No photos (yet) from Friday night. 
Our observatory director came over to my house to observe/image the comet. I had the same set up as Thursday night. Conditions were better. Comet was more visible with the naked eye. The nearly Full Moon definitely impacted views and imaging.  

Saturday 10/19/2024 - North Java, NY

Our local astronomy club, the Buffalo Astronomical Association (BAA), has our dark sky observatory on the grounds of the Buffalo Audubon Society's (BAS) Beaver Meadow Nature Center. We call our observatory the Beaver Meadow Observatory (BMO). The BAS asked us to open the observatory on 10/19 to support their Trick-or-Treat Hike event. We had several members show up with their scopes and we had the Celestron 14" Edge HD with the club's camera. We put my ZWO ASI2600MC pro on the club's Tele Vue NP101is (w/0.8 reducer). Both scopes ride on the Astro Physics AP1200 mount. Another member of our club's imaging subgroup put his dedicated astronomy camera on his 85 mm lens. We mounted this onto the NP101/14" Edge setup. 

The event was from 4 pm to 9 pm so we shared views of the Sun early in the event and then switched to Comet, Saturn, and other Deep Sky Objects. We also have a member (he's one of the hosts of the 7th Magnitude podcast) that gives star/constellation tours with a laser pointer. This was a family-oriented event. Lots of families, with kids (and adults) dressed up in great Halloween costumes. The Comet was the ... STAR ... of the evening. We helped visitors find the comet and helped a few that brought their own camera set ups. People were able to find the comet using their phones, but some were able to see it naked eye (just barely). We had computer monitors and TV screens in the observatory control room displaying the images we were capturing of the comet. This worked out great, as large groups were able to cycle into the control to get a view and ask questions. One of our members did not bring her scope with her so she used my 8' Dob to share views of Saturn. Saturn's rings are almost edge on. It was a great night and the weather was perfect!

I was able to process the data from the NP101 with my camera (see image below). Still working on the data from the 14" Edge HD. I tagged Tele Vue when posting the image of the comet with the NP101 and my camera on social media. They reposted my post on X (formerly Twitter). That really made my day!!


A picture of the computer monitor at our club's observatory showing the capture software displaying a 15 sec exposure of Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS)
Saturday 10/19 from the BMO. This is a picture of the monitor connected to the NP101is with my camera. This is a single exposure with NINA's unlinked screen stretch applied.

This photo was taken outside of the observatory. The corner is visible in the right of the image and the dome of our Sky-Shed Pod observatory is visible in the left portion of the image. Tree line is visible at the horizon. Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is visible above the tree line.
Saturday 10/19/2024 from the BMO at 7:41 PM. Handheld iPhone shot from outside the observatory. 

This photo was taken inside the observatory from behind the telescopes shooting the comet. The telescopes and mount are visible as is the wall of the observatory. Tree line is visible at the horizon. Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is visible above the tree line.
Saturday 10/19/2024 from the BMO at 8:02 PM. Handheld iPhone shot from inside the observatory (from behind the telescopes). The NP101is is the smaller telescope mounted on top of the 14" EdgeHD.

A nighttime photo outside the Buffalo Astronomical Association's observatory in Java, NY. The observatory building is illuminated with red light, and a sign reading "OBSERVATORY" is visible above the entrance. Two people are standing in front of the building. The Big Dipper asterism is faintly visible skimming the treeline at the horizon. The sky is clear, and stars are visible. Trees and foliage surround the area.
Saturday 10/19/2024 from the BMO at 9;04 PM. Handheld iPhone shot from outside the observatory. look carefully at the sky, note the Big Dipper skimming the trees.

A telescopic photo of Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS), showing a bright comet with a glowing core and a long, wispy tail stretching across the dark sky. The comet's tail is illuminated by the sunlight, creating a striking contrast against the backdrop of stars scattered throughout the image. Additionally, there is an anti-tail that appears as a short tail pointing in the opposite direction of the main tail—adding to the comet's celestial beauty and grandeur as it travels through space.
Saturday 10/19/2024 from the BMO. Tele Vue NP101is telescope w/0.8x Reducer, my ZWO ASI2600MC Pro, and Astro Physics AP1200 mount. 112 exposures at 15 sec each, -10 degrees C, gain 100, & Offset 50. Processed in PixInsight.

A screenshot of Tele Vue Optics reposting my post of the Telescopic view of comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) on X.
I tagged Tele Vue when sharing the image of the Comet on social media. They reposted my post to X (formerly Twitter). How cool is that!!!!

Saturday 10/26/2024 - Eden, NY

The forecast called for skies to clear around 8pm on Saturday 10/26. We had family over for dinner. I snuck out around 7 pm and set up my Ha Modified Canon T6i on the iOptron Sky guider pro. I also had the tripod with iPhone adapter. I captured images with DSLR using both the Canon 50 mm lens (Nifty Fifty) and the Rokinon 14" mm Lens. The comet was near the Milky Way core. I'm not really pleased with how the DSLR shots turned out. Here's an iPhone shot processed in Snapseed.

A night sky photograph taken with an iPhone, showcasing comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) and the Milky Way. The comet appears as a bright streak in the sky, while the Milky Way is visible as a faint, cloudy band stretching vertically across the image. Below the sky, there is a landscape with a few illuminated buildings and trees, adding a warm glow to the scene. The stars are scattered across the sky, creating a serene and captivating view of the cosmos.
Saturday 10/26/2024 from Eden, NY 8:14 PM. iPhone on a tripod. Processed in Snapseed on my iPhone.

So that's probably it for now ...

The comet is getting dimmer and there are other targets I'll want to capture with the limited clear skies we get. Now that it gets darker earlier, we might go after the comet at the observatory at the beginning of an imaging session. We'll see. Chasing this comet was so much fun!! So many great experiences! Can't wat for the next one. 

Clear Skies!
Ernie














Sunday, November 3, 2024

October 2024: An Amazing Month for Astronomy - Part 1

 

Aurora! Aurora!

Technically this awesome month of astronomy began on Monday 10/7 when we images the NGC 7331 Group (Deerlick Group). Click here to read about that. Potential for aurora, or the Northern Lights were forecast for October 10th into the morning of October 11th. I missed the amazing auroral display of May 2024 due to the weather at my location. The Board of Directors for our local astronomy club, the Buffalo Astronomical Association, had a meeting scheduled for the 10th. After work, I set up my DSLR on a tripod and got my Smartphone tripod out and ready. Forecast was for clear skies, I did not want to miss this one! We started the Zoom meeting, as twilight approached, our observatory director and I would go outside in our respective locations and look for evidence of activity. Another member of our imaging sub-group texted the Observatory director, indicating activity in twilight in the East. I never returned to the meeting. Sorry, not sorry. At some point I received a text from our club's president saying the meeting was over due to the activity.

I did have a work meeting scheduled for 8:30 pm. I tried to get as many images as possible prior to the meeting. I'm glad I did as the activity had ramped down after 9 pm. I called it a night around 10 pm. I understand things ramped back up later, but as it was a work night, I decided to call it a night early. 
The display seemed to be all around with the most intense area to the East/Southeast. A red band stretched from southeast to west, just over the Moon. Initially, our Observatory Director thought this might be Steve, but afterwards he found a great reference article that identified this as a SAR (Stable Auroral Red) arc. I tried to capture images from most angles. The neighbor's lights did not help.  

Here is a collection of iPhone and DSLR photos. I still have more photos to process. Between life, work, and chasing the comet (more on that in Part 2), I have had minimal time to process images. 

Equipment/Processing: 

  • iPhone 13Pro and tripod
  • Canon T6i (Ha mod), Rokinon 14 mm f/2.8 lens, Tripod, and intervalometer (used mainly as a shutter release. 
  • iPhone images were not processed (other than whatever the native app does automatically)
  • DLSR images were processed in Adobe Lightroom Classic

iPhone Images:


Looking Northeast

Looking Northeast

Looking West/Northwest

Looking North

Looking Northeast

Looking Northeast/East

Looking East

Looking East

Looking East

looking East/Southeast

DSLR Images:

The image captures a mesmerizing view of the Aurora Borealis framed by treelines. A bright red aurora with faint vertical structures dominates the scene, with a hint of green beneath it. Stars shine through the aurora, adding a sprinkle of starlight to the celestial display.
Looking East/Southeast - - 4 sec / ISO 800 / f/2.8

Looking East/Southeast - 4 sec / ISO 800 / f/2.8

Looking South/Southwest - 2.5 sec / ISO 800 / f/2.8. This image shows the SAR (Stable Auroral Red) Arc. The red in the trees is from my headlamp.

Clear Skies!
Ernie

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NGC 7635 - The Bubble Nebula - from The BMO

 Bubblicious ... Thursday November 7th & Tuesday November 12th were our club's ( Buffalo Astronomical Association ) imaging group (T...